1,036 research outputs found
Appraisal of recordings for use in the teaching of literature in secondary schools.
Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: pages 215-218 are missing from the physical thesis
Winner-takes-all games : strategic optimisation of rank
In many competitive situations (including nearly all sports) a player’s aim is not simply to maximise his score but to maximise its rank among all scores. Examples include sales contests (where the salesman with highest monthly sales gets a bonus) and patent races (where lowest time is best). We assume the score Xi of player i is obtained costlessly, so that his utility is the probability of having the best score. This gives a constant-sum game. All that matters for player i is the distribution of his score, so we assume he chooses from a given convex set of distributions Fi . We call such games Distribution Ranking Games, and characterise their solution for various classes of the distribution sets Fi , such as distributions with given mean or moment, where we extend a result of Bell and Cove
The secretary problem with a selection committee : do conformist committees hire better secretaries
This paper analyzes a variation of the secretary problem in which two selectors with different fields of interest each want to appoint one of the n candidates with as much expertise as possible in their field. Selectors simultaneously vote to accept or reject: Unanimous decisions are respected, and candidates with a split decision are hired with probability p. Each candidate arrives with expertise x and y in the two fields, uniformly and independently distributed on [0, 1] and observable to both selectors. If a candidate with expertise pair (x, y) is hired by unanimous decision, the payoffs to the selectors are simply x and y. However, to model the level of conformity in the firm, we deduct a positive “consensus cost” c from the utility of a selector who has rejected a candidate who is nevertheless hired. We show (Theorem 1) that each stage game has a unique equilibrium in which there are two thresholds, z v or x > z and y > v. We show that for sufficiently large p and c, decisions are unanimous, and that as the number n of candidates goes to infinity, the equilibrium value of the game goes to the golden mean. We show that as the consensus cost c increases from 0, this hurts the selectors (Theorem 4) but helps the firm (Theorem 6), whose utility from hiring candidate (x, y) is a weighted average of x and y. Thus a little conformity is good for the firm
Documented international enquiry on solid sedimentary fossil fuels; Coal: definitions, classifications, reserves-resources and energy potential
This paper deals with all solid sedimentary fossil fuels, i.e. coal, the main one for geological reserves and resources, peat,
and oil shales. Definitions of coal ( < 50% ash) and coal seam (thickness and depth limits) are examined in view of an
international agreement regarding new concepts for a common reserves and resources evaluation using the same nomenclature.
The 50% ash limit, already adopted by UN-ECE for coal definition, allows the creation of a new category—the organic
shales (50–75% ash)—comprising energetic materials still valuable for thermal use (coal shales) or to be retorted for oil
production (oil shales).
Geological relations between coals, oil shales, solid bitumen, liquid hydrocarbons, natural gas, and coalbed methane are also
examined together with environmental problems.
As a final synthesis of all topics, the paper discusses the problems related with a modern geological classification of all solid
sedimentary fuels based on: various rank parameters (moisture content, calorific value, reflectance), maceral composition, and
mineral matter content (and washability).
Finally, it should be pointed out that the paper is presented as series of problems, some of them old ones, but never resolved
until now. In order to facilitate the next generation of coal geologists to resolve these problems on the basis of international
agreements, all sections begin with documented introductions for further questions opening an international enquiry. The
authors hope that the answers will be abundant enough and pertinent to permit synthetic international solutions, valuable for the
new millennium, with the help of interested consulted authorities, international pertinent organisations, and regional experts.
D 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Renal citrate metabolism and urinary citrate excretion in the infant rat
Renal citrate metabolism and urinary citrate excretion in the infant rat.BackgroundAlthough hypercalciuria has the same prevalence in children as adults, children rarely develop renal stones. This may be explained by a greater urinary citrate excretion in infants compared with adults. The present study examines the renal excretion of citrate and renal cortical citrate metabolism in infant and adult rats.MethodsAdult male and newly weaned infant rats were acclimated to metabolic cages and fed synthetic diets. Urine was collected after two days, and renal cortical citrate metabolism was assayed.ResultsInfant rats had a lower plasma [HCO3-] and higher plasma [K+] and had a fourfold higher urinary citrate:creatinine ratio and a twofold higher concentration of citrate in their urine compared with adult rats. This higher urinary citrate excretion was not due to a difference in renal proximal tubular Na/citrate cotransporter activity, nor renal cortical citrate synthase or ATP citrate lyase activities in infants as compared with adults. However, infant rat kidneys had significantly lower mitochondrial aconitase (m-aconitase) activity. Renal cortical citrate concentrations were comparable in infant and adult rats. Manipulation of plasma [K+] to adult levels did not affect the higher urinary citrate excretion in infant rats.ConclusionsUrinary citrate excretion in infant rats is greater than in adults but does not parallel tissue [citrate]. Thus, this higher urinary citrate is likely due to maturational differences in the proximal tubule, other than Na/citrate cotransport, that directly affect citrate transport
Deterministic meeting of sniffing agents in the plane
Two mobile agents, starting at arbitrary, possibly different times from
arbitrary locations in the plane, have to meet. Agents are modeled as discs of
diameter 1, and meeting occurs when these discs touch. Agents have different
labels which are integers from the set of 0 to L-1. Each agent knows L and
knows its own label, but not the label of the other agent. Agents are equipped
with compasses and have synchronized clocks. They make a series of moves. Each
move specifies the direction and the duration of moving. This includes a null
move which consists in staying inert for some time, or forever. In a non-null
move agents travel at the same constant speed, normalized to 1. We assume that
agents have sensors enabling them to estimate the distance from the other agent
(defined as the distance between centers of discs), but not the direction
towards it. We consider two models of estimation. In both models an agent reads
its sensor at the moment of its appearance in the plane and then at the end of
each move. This reading (together with the previous ones) determines the
decision concerning the next move. In both models the reading of the sensor
tells the agent if the other agent is already present. Moreover, in the
monotone model, each agent can find out, for any two readings in moments t1 and
t2, whether the distance from the other agent at time t1 was smaller, equal or
larger than at time t2. In the weaker binary model, each agent can find out, at
any reading, whether it is at distance less than \r{ho} or at distance at least
\r{ho} from the other agent, for some real \r{ho} > 1 unknown to them. Such
distance estimation mechanism can be implemented, e.g., using chemical sensors.
Each agent emits some chemical substance (scent), and the sensor of the other
agent detects it, i.e., sniffs. The intensity of the scent decreases with the
distance.Comment: A preliminary version of this paper appeared in the Proc. 23rd
International Colloquium on Structural Information and Communication
Complexity (SIROCCO 2016), LNCS 998
Evacuating Two Robots from a Disk: A Second Cut
We present an improved algorithm for the problem of evacuating two robots
from the unit disk via an unknown exit on the boundary. Robots start at the
center of the disk, move at unit speed, and can only communicate locally. Our
algorithm improves previous results by Brandt et al. [CIAC'17] by introducing a
second detour through the interior of the disk. This allows for an improved
evacuation time of . The best known lower bound of was shown by
Czyzowicz et al. [CIAC'15].Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures. This is the full version of the paper with the
same title accepted in the 26th International Colloquium on Structural
Information and Communication Complexity (SIROCCO'19
Renal citrate metabolism and urinary citrate excretion in the infant rat
Renal citrate metabolism and urinary citrate excretion in the infant rat.BackgroundAlthough hypercalciuria has the same prevalence in children as adults, children rarely develop renal stones. This may be explained by a greater urinary citrate excretion in infants compared with adults. The present study examines the renal excretion of citrate and renal cortical citrate metabolism in infant and adult rats.MethodsAdult male and newly weaned infant rats were acclimated to metabolic cages and fed synthetic diets. Urine was collected after two days, and renal cortical citrate metabolism was assayed.ResultsInfant rats had a lower plasma [HCO3-] and higher plasma [K+] and had a fourfold higher urinary citrate:creatinine ratio and a twofold higher concentration of citrate in their urine compared with adult rats. This higher urinary citrate excretion was not due to a difference in renal proximal tubular Na/citrate cotransporter activity, nor renal cortical citrate synthase or ATP citrate lyase activities in infants as compared with adults. However, infant rat kidneys had significantly lower mitochondrial aconitase (m-aconitase) activity. Renal cortical citrate concentrations were comparable in infant and adult rats. Manipulation of plasma [K+] to adult levels did not affect the higher urinary citrate excretion in infant rats.ConclusionsUrinary citrate excretion in infant rats is greater than in adults but does not parallel tissue [citrate]. Thus, this higher urinary citrate is likely due to maturational differences in the proximal tubule, other than Na/citrate cotransport, that directly affect citrate transport
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